Hall effect thruster pdf files

Modeling the behavior of a halleffect thruster 3 scope of the project, but the results suggest that the final model, in particular, is potentially generalizable, insofar as predicting the behavior of other ahets. As part of the early development of a halleffect thruster, a type of advanced electric propulsion system, a prototype thruster body was built for the purpose of experimentation. Investigation of the hall effect thruster breathing mode and. These thrusters use the elec tricity from solar arrays to make the thrusters cathode give off electrons. Small business technology transfer energy independence. Multiscale modeling of hall thrusters particle in cell.

Hall effect thrusters hall thrusters generate thrust by creating and accelerating ionized gas via magnetic and electrostatic fields. Impact of propellant species on hall effect thruster electrical. University of alabama, tuscaloosa, alabama 35487 aaron m. The hall thruster derives its name from this flow of electrons, called the hall current after dr. Plasmawall interaction in hall thrusters with magnetic. Examination of halbach permanent magnet arrays in miniature. Plasma potential measurements in the cylindrical hall thrusters. Onedimensional hybriddirect kinetic simulation of the. Hall effect thrusters based on the discovery by edwin hall are sometimes referred to as hall thrusters or hall current thrusters. A first series of simulations of two hall thrusters, namely the bpt4000 and a 6kw laboratory thruster, quantifies the significance of ion diffusion in the anode region and the importance of the extended physical domain on studies related to the impact of the transport coefficients on the electron flow field. Development of background flow model of hall thruster. As the electrons bombard an inert propellant gas, they strip additional electrons from atoms and molecules to produce positively charged ions. Hall thruster scaling methodology is a powerful tool to carry out a preliminary design of a hall effect thruster het.

Modification of boron nitride ceramic to replicate hall effect thruster surface wear alexander j. Bht200 hall effect thruster the bht200 is a high performance and mature propulsion system with flight heritage aboard the air force research laboratorys tacsat2 and falconsat5 satellites. Het is defined as hall effect thruster space electric propulsion somewhat frequently. Availability with or without time delay device differs per type, please consult the overview below what. A halleffect thruster requires propellant fed to both the thruster and cathode for operation. A new mechanism inducing anomalous transport in hall. The hall effect thruster is classed as a moderate specific impulse 1,600s space propulsion technology and has benefited from considerable theoretical and experimental research since the 1960s. Plasma oscillations and operational modes in hall effect thrusters.

Pdf characterization results acquired on a laboratory model of high specific impulse hall effect thruster operating in the power range of. High performance power module for hall effect thrusters. Arcade is also the fourth satellite in the inspire international satellite program in research and education satellite series with. Modification of boron nitride ceramic to replicate hall. Measurement of magnetic flux in a hall thruster for. Cubesat lunar mission using a miniature ion thruster. As such, it is equipped with a ceramic discharge chamber, as well as with customized. Electric propulsion for small satellites orbit control and. Introduction a n efficient, longlife, lowpower hall thruster would be attractive for a wide range of nasa missions. This is a crosssection of a radiallysymmetric device. Additionally, the implementation of an asymmetric magnetic field utilizing a halbach array of permanent magnets. Based on permanent magnets, the ht 100 het is designed to perform orbit control tasks on microsatellites and aocs tasks on minisatellites. Oct 02, 2007 the highstrength magnetic field traps the electrons, causing them to form into a circling ring at the downstream end of the thruster channel.

The key lifelimiting factors of conventional hall thrusters, including ionbombardment sputter erosion of the discharge channel and highenergy electron power deposition to the channel walls, have been investigated extensively for a wide range of thruster scales. Hall thruster and vasimr vx100 force measurements using a. Some recently developed hall thrusters utilize a magnetic. Development of an annular microhalleffect thruster and. Significantly, its operation is not accompanied by large amplitude discharge low frequency oscillations. Baird, matthew, designing an accessible hall effect thruster 2016. Introduction the halleffect thruster het is a type of ionic propulsion engine, a device that is. The device is a hall thruster, but an electrostatic accelerator, a duality which has led to some confusion. Efficient and highperformance dual mode propulsion system designed for use with xenon and krypton propellants. Pdf hall effect thruster with high specific impulse researchgate. Het stands for hall effect thruster space electric propulsion. This paper shows the major interactions between mission needs, subsystem equipment, then mechanism.

An experimental study to show the effects of secondary. Such a thruster would provide deep space and near earth. New thruster design increases efficiency for future spaceflight. Efficient and highperformance dual mode propulsion system. Lockheed martin space systems company aerospace sector research and development drivers brett tobey. The major difference being that the qcts quadrupole arrangement of eight electromagnets, seen in fig. The satellite research centre at nanyang technological university is currently developing the atmospheric coupling and dynamics explorer arcade mission, which is flying a hall effect thruster to progressively lower the altitude from an initial 500 km to 250 km. Introduction the hall effect thruster het is a type of ionic propulsion engine, a device that is. Figure 2 presents a schematic of a halleffect thruster. Hall effect thrusters are one of the primary propulsion systems for sep missions. While the working fluid fed to the cathode does not necessarily need to be the same gaseous propellant fed to the thruster, only carrying a single propellant is preferable as the simplest solution.

Kinetic analysis of electron transport in a cylindrical. Warren1 and richard branam2 university of alabama, tuscaloosa, al 35487 carl hartsfield3 air force institute of technology, wpafb, oh 45355 with the rise of microsatellites and cubesats in both academia and commercial. Starlink is a satellite constellation being constructed by spacex to provide satellite internet access. Hall effect thrusters het are currently recognized as a good propulsion means for long missions and moves that require large velocity increments. Aluminum plates are placed adjacent to, but electrically isolated from, the facility walls downstream along thruster centerline and radially outward, centered on the exit plane.

An analytical model of the facility background flow environment is developed to accommodate facilities with different geometries and pump placements as well as compute the ingested flow rate of background neutrals into a given het. Busek hall effect thrusters operate with plasmas composed of various elements, from xenon to advanced highenergy solids. Cubesat lunar mission using a miniature ion thruster ryan w. The thruster switches off after continuous running for more then 2 minutes and resets itself after 5 seconds.

Plasmainduced erosion on ceramic wall structures in halleffect thrusters thomas burton. Qiao1,a 1school of aeronautics and astronautics engineering, purdue university, west lafayette, indiana 47907, usa 2school of electrical and computer engineering, purdue university, west lafayette, indiana 47907, usa 3department of physics and astronomy, purdue. Rovey2 missouri university of science and technology, rolla, mo, 65409 pristine and worn hall effect thruster boron nitride channel materials show significant differences in surface features, and chemical compositions. The process starts with a current of electrons spiraling through a circular channel. Schematic of a hall effect thruster electric propulsion device. This paper provides the description of the development approach and the status of the project. Under conventional operation, the thruster achieves stateoftheart efficiencies 56% at 300 v and 890 w. He quad confinement thruster or qct, was conceived in 2009 within the surrey space centre for low power electric propulsion ep for small satellites. High performance power module for hall effect thrusters luis r.

Experimentally modeling the behavior of a halleffect. High performance and mature propulsion system with flight. The h9 magnetically shielded hall thruster pepl, umich. The ht 100 hall effect thruster het is the smallest and lowest power het ever developed in europe, whose performance and characteristics represent the stateoftheart of this technology. A hall thruster works by accelerating the plasma exhaust to extremely high speeds. Pdf halleffect thruster channel surface properties. Nested hall thruster nht designed for powers up to 200 kw, a modular. How is hall effect thruster space electric propulsion abbreviated. These electric propulsion devices are capable of specific impulses ranging from. There are a number of types of hall effect thruster, with the most common being the thruster with anode layer tal, the stationary plasma thruster spt, and the cylindrical hall thruster cht. Flame speed enhancement of a nitrocellulose monopropellant using graphene microstructures s. The constellation will consist of thousands of massproduced small satellites in low earth orbit leo, working in combination with ground transceivers. Hall effect thruster plasma plume characterization with. Onedimensional hybriddirect kinetic simulation of the discharge plasma in a hall thruster kentaro hara,1,a iain d.

The thruster was operated over a range of discharge voltages, from 150 v. The effects of cathode configuration on hall thruster cluster. Kinetic analysis of electron transport in a cylindrical hall thruster lubos brieda, shaunak pai, and michael keidar abstract transport of electrons across magnetic field lines in a hall thruster is driven by factors such as collisions with background heavy particles, plasma turbulence, and wall effects. Designing an accessible hall effect thruster scholarworks at wmu. The thruster is presently operating onorbit on the falconsat6 satellite. High performance and mature propulsion system with flight heritage, and the first us hall effect thruster in space. The georgia institute of technology comprehensive training hall effect thrusters course is an intense immersion into the physics, operation, plasma diagnostics, and vacuum facilities required to operate hall effect thrusters hets. Hall effect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. Fluid modeling and simulation of the electron population in hall.

Pinero glenn research center, cleveland, ohio peter y. This methodology is based on a number of scaling relations between all the. Because the use of hall effect sensors these panels are completely watertight. In spacecraft propulsion, a hall effect thruster het is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Flame speed enhancement of a nitrocellulose monopropellant. Very highpower halleffect thruster for exploration, sitael is developing, designing, manufacturing and testing a new 20kw class hall effect thruster, the ht20k, together with the associated high current hollow cathode, the hc60. High throughput 600 watt hall effect thruster for space.

Ion and hall thrusters march 2008 the research described in this publication was carried out at the jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology, under. The diagnostics and the hall thruster propulsion systems are described in detail along with lists of tabular data from those diagnostics and propulsion system and other satellite systems. The ingested flow rates computed by the model are shown to. Using a small number of components to produce an exb field, an het can accelerate ions to extremely high velocities to provide thrust. Examination of halbach permanent magnet arrays in miniature hall effect thrusters matthew l. Spacex also plans to sell some of the satellites for military, scientific, or exploratory purposes. Hall effect thruster plasma plume characterization with probe measurements and selfsimilar fluid models author. Bering, iii 2 university of houston, departments of physics and ece, houston, tx 77204, usa jared p. Het hall effect thruster space electric propulsion. In addition, hets can achieve an i sp of up to 3000 seconds. Impact of propellant species on hall effect thruster. The group designed the western hall thruster and used comsol. The hall effect thruster het shown in figure 1, is a relatively simple type of ep device. Busek research has developed metallic propellants for insitu resource utilization that can dramatically.

Accurate model of the thruster discharge is needed to perform plume modeling to determine if the thruster poses risk to spacecraft instruments. Halleffect thruster channel surface properties investigation preprint article pdf available in journal of propulsion and power 282. Gallimore, department of aerospace engineering, university of michigan, ann arbor, mi the x2 nested channel hall effect thruster. Bowers akima corporation, fairview park, ohio prepared for the 38th joint propulsion conference and exhibit cosponsored by aiaa, asme, sae, and asee. Bht8000 hall effect thruster buseks bht8000 is a 8kw nominal hall effect thruster with stateoftheart center mounted cathode and performance unparalleled within its power class. Preliminary experiments on a 2 cm cylindrical thruster suggest the possibility of a high performance micro hall thruster. The description of hall thruster physics cannot be complete without some discussion of the. Busek is a leader in hall thruster development, culminating in the flight of the first usbased hall thruster on tacsat2 and recent launch of falconsat5. Similarly to a hall effect thruster het, a perpendicular magnetic field is imposed between the external cathode neutralizer and a metallic anode at the base of the qct channel. Hall effect thruster interactions data from the russian. Efficient and highperformance propulsion system designed.

Pdf the total operation time of a hall effect thruster het, i. Iodine was a complete change in approach for hall thrusters, says dr. Characterization of background neutral flows in vacuum test facilities and impacts on hall effect thruster operation approved by. For purposes of comparison between segmented and conventional thruster approaches, a modular laboratory prototype thruster was designed and built. Optional magnetic piston for use with hall effect or magnetic reed switches. Hall effect plasma thruster module on generic spacecraft offers unique advantages for most of the usual telecommunication missions as it allows the reduction of spacecraft launch mass. Longmier 1 university of houston, department of physics, houston, tx 77204, usa edgar a. The basic model adopted to desc ribe the hall thruster was describe d in a previous paper. Prototype bit3 thruster firing on xe adaption of iodine technology by buseks mini rf ion thrusters engines iodine stored as a solid low pressure, high density propellant storage the bit series thrusters 17cm sized are inherently iodine compatible the 3cm bit3 thruster is the worlds first gridded ion thruster using iodine. Background flow model of hall thruster neutral ingestion. Design and operations of hall thruster with segmented. Pdf hall effect thruster erosion mechanism and the thruster. Optional internal or external bumpers to absorb easily accessible ports. High throughput 600 watt hall effect thruster for space exploration james szabo1, bruce pote,2 rachel tedrake,3 surjeet paintal,4 lawrence byrne,5 vlad hruby,6 busek co.

The problem with current hall thruster codes is that they do not resolve electron diffusion self. The cylindrical thruster is optimized for low power applications, such as for cubesats, and i havent seen a high power design, so we arent going. However, hall thrusters rely on much more complicated physics than ion. Principles of the hall thruster with segmented electrodes are explored. This program provides the participant with 2 days of private. Hall thrusters the highpower sep systems under development use electrostatic hall thrusters instead of chemical rocket engines. Busek provides hall effect thruster configurations in circular, clustered, racetrack, and nested arrangements. Modeling the behavior of a hall effect thruster 3 scope of the project, but the results suggest that the final model, in particular, is potentially generalizable, insofar as predicting the behavior of other ahets. Import the raw video file into matlab as a px,y,t 256. One of the most practical forms of electric propulsion is the hall effect thruster het, which makes use of electric and magnetic fields to create and eject a plasma. Media in category hall effect thrusters the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total.

Iodine fuel is also attractive for gridded ion engines a sister technology to hall effect thrusters. New thruster design increases efficiency for future spaceflight the specific impulse of the thruster increased by 1. Hall current e x b drift movement of charged particles electroninduced hall current for effective confinement of electron motion, electron hall parameter must be much larger than 1 hall parameter gyrofrequency x mean free time electron e b e x b direction electron motion hall current electron motion with. Magnetic field enhancement of the quad confinement thruster. Hall thruster and vasimr vx100 force measurements using a plasma momentum flux sensor benjamin w. Iodine hall thruster systems can fill a wide range of spacecraft and missions, ranging from cubesats small. Thrust measurements were made at both test facilities using a new. Both the hall effect thruster and the gridded ion engine are classified as electrostatic thrusters and operate on heavy noble gases, primarily xenon. Foster plasma science and technology laboratory nuclear engineering and radiological sciences university of michigan ann arbor, mi 48109 u. Kolobov2 1university of michigan, ann arbor, michigan 48109, usa 2cfd research corporation, huntsville, alabama 35805, usa received 21 september 2012. A 9 cm cylindrical thruster with a ceramic channel exhibited performance comparable to the stateoftheart hall thrusters at low and moderate power levels. The research following began the initial steps in developing a microhalleffect thruster for the use on a university of alabama designed and built cubesat.

Optional adjustable cushions for smooth deceleration of load at end of stroke. Carbon transport in highpower halleffect plasma rockets. An analytical model of the facility background flow environment is developed to accommodate facilities with different geometries and pumpplacements, as well as compute the ingestedflow rateof background neutrals into a given hall effect thruster. Ion thruster hall effect thruster photo credit nasa 10. Halleffect thruster het b r,max max radial magnetic field2 150 g specific impulse i sp1600 s thrust t80 mn i d discharge current 3. A hall thruster uses electricity and xenon gas to create a plasma that comprises electrons and ions. Traditional magnet field thruster with an goal of developing a halleffect thruster system in house for uas cubesat program, a low power microhalleffect thruster was designed and constructed based on the busek co. An experimental study to show the effects of secondary electron emission on plasma properties in hall thrusters kapil u. A study of cylindrical hall thruster for low power space. Halleffect thruster technology and exotrails thruster halleffect thrusters are one kind of electric thrusters which uses a plasma discharge with magnetized electrons to ionize a gas and accelerate ions 8. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Hall thruster a serious contender to get humans to mars. To be as close as possible to reality, the prototype was designed and built under the assumption that it would be fireable. Plasmainduced erosion on ceramic wall structures in hall.